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Answer the following in brief: How Fixed Carbon is determined? What are its Benefits? The fixed-carbon content of a coal is determined by subtracting the percentages of moisture, volatile matter, and ash from a sample. The % of fixed carbon is calculated as % of fixed carbon = 100 - [% of moisture + % of volatile matter + % of ash]   The % of fixed carbon increases the ranking of coal because the more is the amount of fixed carbon higher will be the calorific value of coal and quality of coal will also be better. At the same time it helps in designing of furnace and fire box.   List Advantages and Disadvantages of Nuclear Fusion. Pros of nuclear energy: 1. Carbon-free electricity 2. Small land footprint 3. High power output 4. Reliable energy source Cons of nuclear energy: 1. Uranium is technically non-renewable 2. Very high upfront costs 3. Nuclear waste 4. Malfunctions can be catastrophic    What are the Advantages of Hydroelectricity? Renewable. Hydropower is comp...

Sketch electrical equivalent circuit of a photovoltaic diode and write the expression of the output current.  \(I = {I_{ph}} - {I_0}\left( {{e^{(V + I{R_s})/n{V_T}}} - 1} \right) - \frac{{V + I{R_s}}}{{{R_{sh}}}}\)    Make a comparison between horizontal axis wind turbine and vertical axis wind turbine.   State Faraday's law of electrolysis. First Law of Electrolysis The amount of substance (mass) deposited or liberated at any electrode during electrolysis is directly proportional to the quantity of electricity (charge) passed through the electrolyte.   Second Law of Electrolysis When the same quantity of electricity passes through different electrolytes, the mass of substances deposited or dissolved is proportional to their chemical equivalent weights.    What are various wind energy storage systems? Battery Energy Storage Systems: These include lithium-ion, solid-state, and flow batteries.Thermal Energy Storage: This method stores energy in the form ...

Answer the following questions.   Notch sensitivity factor. The Notch Sensitivity Factor is a crucial concept in materials engineering and fatigue design. It quantifies how sensitive a material is to the presence of a stress concentrator (like a notch, hole, fillet, crack, or sudden change in cross-section). In simpler terms: It tells you how much a real-world "notch" reduces a material's fatigue strength compared to its ideal, smooth condition. Spigot and socket joint for pipes. A spigot and socket joint (also commonly called a bell and spigot joint) is a type of pipe connection used in plumbing and pipeline systems. One end of a pipe is formed into a plain, narrower spigot (male end), while the opposite end of the adjoining pipe has an enlarged socket (or bell, the female end). The spigot is inserted into the socket to create a continuous pipeline. State two important reasons for adopting involute curves for a gear tooth profile. Constant velocity ratio during meshing: ...

Answer the following in brief.   Define Product Design Specifications (PDS). Product Design Specification (PDS) is a detailed document that defines the complete requirements, constraints, and desired characteristics of a product to be designed. It serves as a definitive reference throughout the design process, ensuring that the final product meets the intended purpose and stakeholder needs.    What is the role of database management systems in computer-integrated manufacturing (C1M)? Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) is a manufacturing approach that uses computers to integrate and automate all aspects of production, from design and planning to execution, quality control, and business functions, often through a centralized or common database.Database Management Systems (DBMS) play a pivotal role in CIM by serving as the backbone for data integration, storage, retrieval, and sharing across the entire manufacturing enterprise.    List two advantages of modula...

1. A beam is defined as a structural member subjected to  (a) axial loading (b) transverse loading* (c) axial and transverse loading (d) none of these. Hint:  A beam is primarily designed to resist bending moments caused by loads applied perpendicular (transverse) to its longitudinal axis.  

1. For a compression member having the same effective length about any cross sectional axis, the most preferred section from the point of view of strength is (i) box (ii) I-section (iii) circular tube* (iv) single angle

Boilers are key elements that deliver crucial heat, steam, and power for numerous applications. They are essential for generating electricity in power stations, heating spaces, and facilitating manufacturing operations, thereby significantly contributing to contemporary infrastructure. Nevertheless, given their intricate functioning and associated risks, it is imperative for operators, engineers, maintenance staff, and technicians to receive adequate training.       Join our WhatsApp Channel - The Indian Boiler Engineer for regular updates A key factor in prioritizing boiler education is safety. Boilers function in high-pressure and high-temperature environments, and when not properly maintained, they become less efficient, resulting in increased energy expenses. Failures can lead to unforeseen downtimes and, although rare, may cause severe accidents. Past incidents highlight the serious repercussions of insufficient training. Adequate training guarantees that staff gr...