Thermal Science & Engineering - MCQs from AMIE exams (Winter 2017)

Choose the correct answer: (1 x 20)

1. Which one of the following represents an open thermodynamics system?

(a) Manual ice cream freezer

(b) Centrifugal pump

(d) Bomb calorimeter

2. A small container has gas at a higher pressure. It is placed in an evacuated space. If the container is punctured, work done by the gas is

(a) Positive

(b) Negative

(d) infinite

3. The transition from laminar flow to turbulent flow in a forced convection situation is determined by which one of the following dimensionless numbers?

(a) Grashoff

(b) Nusselt

(d) Stanton

(e) Mach

4. Air is at 15 °C is compressed steadily and isothermally from 100 kPa to 700 kPa at a rate of 0.12 kgs. The minimum power input to the compressor is

(a) 11.2 kW

(b) 25.8 kW

(d) 161 kW

5. Heat cannot be transported from a low-temperature reservoir to a high-temperature reservoir without the aid of external work input. This is

(a) Kelvin Planck statement

(b) Carnot theorem

(d) Clausius statement

6. The efficiency of the Carnot cycle heat engine will be 100% if

(a) It operates at an infinitely high speed

(b) It operates with perfect gas as a working fluid

(d) Its sink is at 0 °C and the source at 1000 K

7. Entropy is a

(a) Path function

(b) Point function

(d) Neither path nor point function

8. The difference in availability of a system between two states is

(a) Work done by the system

(b) Heat input to the system

(d) Energy

9. For the same compression ratio and heat input for the Otto cycle

(a) Peak temperature is greater than diesel

(b) Heat rejection is lower

(d) Temperature at the end of compression is greater than diesel

10. Which temperature is most different from the outside temperature as measured with a conventional thermometer?

(a) Wet bulb temperature

(b) Dry bulb temperature

(d) Ambient temperature

11. The temperature gradient in an insulating material is

(a) Greater than in a conductor

(b) Less than in a conductor

(d) Zero

12. At what temperature will the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales read the same?

(a) - 40 °C

(b) + 14 °C

(d) + 25 °C

13. The convection heat transfer coefficient of a fluid depends on

(a) Thermal conductivity

(b) Fluid properties

(d) All the above

14. The emissivity of the real surface is always

(a) Greater than unity

(b) Equal to unity

(d) Less than or greater than unity

15. The three-dimensional unsteady state conduction equation without internal heat generation is known as the equation is

(a) Laplace

(b) Fourier

(d) Momentum

16. In free convection, the product of Grashof and Prandtl numbers appears often and it is called the

(a) Nusselet number

(b) Reynolds number

(d) Rayleigh number

17. The hydrodynamic boundary layer thickness is defined when local velocity within the boundary layer is — times the free stream velocity of the fluid.

(a) 0.99

(b) 0.95

(d) 0.90

18. The increased surface roughness can cause a large increase in heat flux for the ⸺ regime.

(a) Free convection boiling

(b) Nucleate boiling

(d) All of the above

19. In a parallel flow heat exchanger, both hot and cold fluid will

(a) Enter at one side and leave at the other side parallel to each other

(b) Enter from opposite sides parallel to each other

(d) All of the above

20. The total emissive power (kW/m²) of a black body at 1000 K

(a) 5669

(b) 56.99

(d) 5.699

Answers

1. (b) Since the centrifugal pump is a device in which one side is for an inlet and another one is for an outlet. An open device is a system in which energy and mass can enter from one side and can exit from another side i.e mass and energy both can transfer. In a centrifugal pump, fluid enters with low energy and low head while discharging from the pump at high energy and high head.

2. (c) The work done during the free expansion of an ideal gas is always zero when the process is irreversible. The internal energy for an ideal gas is dependent only on the temperature.

3. (c)

4. (c) ${W_{in}} = mR(T + 273)\log ({P_2}/{P_1})$

5. (d) Clausius statement: “It is impossible to construct a device which operates in a cyclic process and produces no effect other than transfer heat from one reservoir at low temperature to another reservoir at high temperature.” Clausius statement points out the essence of work input required in refrigeration and heat pumps. To transfer heat from a body at a lower temperature to a body at a higher temperature external work is required. Thus in the above figure left part is possible while on the right is not possible

Possible

Not possible

6. (c) ${\eta _{carnot}} = 1 - \frac{{{T_2}}}{{{T_1}}}$

If T₂ = 0 K then η = 0.

7. (c) Path function

Path functions are defined as the thermodynamical variables which depend on the way/path in which the thermodynamical system achieved the initial and final states.
The differential of path functions is inexact.
Heat, work and entropy generation are path functions.

8. (c) The availability of a given system is defined as the maximum useful work that can be obtained in a process in which the system comes to equilibrium with the surroundings or attains the dead state.

9. (b)

10. (a) When it's dry-bulb temperature, it's the normal temperature of the air around the thermometer. When want to measure wet bulb temperature, we need to saturate the air around the bulb with water vapour. To do that we wrap a wet cotton wigg around the bulb so that when evaporation of water from the wet cotton starts it will completely saturate the air around the bulb, now the measured temperature is the wet-bulb temperature. Wet-bulb temperature is always lower than dry bulb temperature.

11. (d) Insulation is a general term used to describe products that reduce heat loss or heat gain by providing a barrier between areas that are significantly different in temperature. The material used for insulation is a bad conductor of heat . So that it will not conduct the heat and the temperature remains constant . That's why heat flux and thermal gradient are zero at the region of insulation.

12. (a) °C=(°F−32) x 5/9

13. (d)

Convection heat transfer occurs when there is a bulk fluid motion, which carries away the heat from the heated surface.
Convection heat transfer is given by Q = h × A × (T_s – T_∞)
Where h is the heat transfer coefficient, A is the area along with the heat transfer and T_s is the surface temperature and T_∞ is the temperature of the surrounding fluid.
The fluid motion in the convection heat transfer is due to the motion given to it by some mechanism like fan, blower etc. or it can be due to natural currents arising due to the density difference of the fluid.
The convection heat transfer coefficient is not the property of the fluid rather it depends upon the thermophysical properties.

14. (c) Emissivity is defined as the ratio of the energy radiated from a material's surface to that radiated from a perfect emitter, known as a blackbody, at the same temperature and wavelength and under the same viewing conditions. It is a dimensionless number between 0 (for a perfect reflector) and 1 (for a perfect emitter).

15. (c)

${\nabla ^2}T + \frac{q}{k} = 0$ which is Poisson equation.
${\nabla ^2}T = 0$ is Laplace equation.
${\nabla ^2}T = \frac{1}{\alpha }.\frac{{\partial T}}{{\partial t}}$ is Fourier equation.

16. (d) The Rayleigh number is defined as the product of the Grashof number, which describes the relationship between buoyancy and viscosity within a fluid, and the Prandtl number, which describes the relationship between momentum diffusivity and thermal diffusivity.

17. (a) Hydrodynamic boundary layer thickness is defined as the distance measured in the y-direction from boundary to the point where the velocity is 99% of the free stream velocity.

18. (b)

19. (a) Two types of flow arrangement are possible in a double-pipe heat exchanger: parallel flow and counter flow. In parallel flow, both the hot and cold fluids enter the heat exchanger at the same end and move in the same direction, as shown in figure.

Parallel flow

In counter flow, the hot and cold fluids enter the heat exchanger at opposite end and flow in opposite direction, as shown in figure.

Counter flow

20. (d) $e = \varepsilon \alpha {T^4} = 5.67x{10^{ - 8}}{(100)^4} = 5.67$

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Thermal Science & Engineering - MCQs from AMIE exams (Winter 2017)

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