Choose the correct answer for the following (2 marks each)
1. The correct sequence of atmospheric layers is
(a) stratosphere, mesosphere, troposphere, thermosphere
(b) stratosphere, troposphere, mesosphere, thermosphere
(c) troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere
(d) troposphere, thermosphere, stratosphere, mesosphere
2. Match the following:
Scientist
1. Streeter-Phelps
2. Gifford-Pasquill
3. Dansgaard-Oeschger
Area of Work
p. Atmospheric stability classes
q. Oxygen sag curve
r. Cycles of atmospheric cooling and warming
(a) 1-q 2-p 3-r
(b) 1-p 2-q 3-r
(c) 1-r 2-p 3-q
(d) 1-q 2-r 3-p
3. Atmospheric radiative window refers to the ––– of the –––– that is free to pass without getting absorbed by atmospheric gases.
(a) wavelength band, incoming solar radiation
(b) wavelength band, transmitted earth radiation
(c) absorptivity, incoming solar radiation
(d) absorptivity, transmitted earth radiation
4. Soil texture refers to the relative proportions of –––– in soils.
(a) sand silt and lime
(b) sand lime and clay
(c) lime silt and clay
(d) sand, silt and clay
5. The –––– that produce symbiotic nitrogen fixing nodules in plant roots are ––––.
(a) fungi, Mycelium
(b) bacteria, Rhizoids
(c) microscopic worms,
(d) bacteria, Actinomycetes
6. In a blasting operation, given distance between the blast site and observer is 400 m, and the charge per delay is 200 kg. the corresponding square-root scaled distance is –––– in the units of ––––.
(a) 28.2, m/kg0.5
(b) 14.1, m/kg0.5
(c) 10.0, m/kg0.5
(d) 20.0, m/kg0.5
7. Stack emissions produce the effect of fumigation under conditions of
(a) temperature inversion
(b) adiabatic lapse rate
(c) unstable atmosphere
(d) warm atmospheric conditions
8. The dust category of the widest size range is
(a) PM10
(b) SPM
(c) respirable
(d) thoracic
9. Settling characteristics of turbid water are determined through
(a) flocculation jar test
(b) BOD incubator
(c) atomic absorption
(d) TOC analyser
10. Hydrogen ion concentration in water of pH 4.1 (in mol/l) is
(a) 1.25 x 10⁻⁷
(b) 1.25 x 10⁻¹⁰
(c) 7.94 x 10⁻⁷
(d) 7.94 x 10⁻⁵
Answers
1. (c)
2. (a)
3. (b)
4. (d) Soil texture (such as loam, sandy loam or clay) refers to the proportion of sand, silt and clay sized particles that make up the mineral fraction of the soil. For example, light soil refers to a soil high in sand relative to clay, while heavy soils are made up largely of clay.
5. (b) Legumes use nitrogen fixing bacteria, specifically symbiotic rhizobia bacteria, within their root nodules to counter the limitation. Rhizobia bacteria convert nitrogen gas (N₂) to ammonia (NH₃) in a process called nitrogen fixation.
6. (a) SD = D/√Q
7. (a)
8. (b) Total Suspended Particles is the fraction sampled with high-volume samplers, approximately particle diameters <50-100 µm.
9. (c) Turbidity can be measured by:
- Spectrophotometer (Interference / Absorbance)
- Jackson Candle Turbidimeter (Interference / Absorbance)
- Secchi Disk (Interference / Absorbance)
- Nephelometry (Reflected Light)
10. (d)
pH = -log[H+]
4.1 = -log[H+]
[H+] = antilog(-4.1) = 7.9 x 10-5
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