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Numerical
A 120V DC shunt motor draws a current of 200A. The armature resistance is 0.02 ohms and the shunt field resistance is 30 ohms. Find back emf. If the lap wound armature has 90 slots with 4 conductors per slots, at what speed will the motor run when flux per pole is 0.04 Wb? (8 marks)
Solution
The back EMF (Eb) of a DC motor can be calculated using the formula:
Eb = V - IaRa
Given:
V = 120 V
Ia = 200 A
Ra = 0.02 ohms
Substituting the values into the formula:
Eb = 120 − 200 × 0.02 = 120 − 4 = 116 V
Now, let's calculate the speed (N) at which the motor will run using the given flux per pole (φp).
The formula to calculate the speed of a DC motor is:
N = 60×Eb/(P×φp)
Substituting the values into the formula:
N = 60×116/2×0.04 = 87000 RPM
Eb = V - IaRa
Given:
V = 120 V
Ia = 200 A
Ra = 0.02 ohms
Substituting the values into the formula:
Eb = 120 − 200 × 0.02 = 120 − 4 = 116 V
Now, let's calculate the speed (N) at which the motor will run using the given flux per pole (φp).
The formula to calculate the speed of a DC motor is:
N = 60×Eb/(P×φp)
Where P is the number of poles
=2 (assuming it's a 2-pole motor)
φp = 0.04 WbSubstituting the values into the formula:
N = 60×116/2×0.04 = 87000 RPM
Numerical
A 50 kW, 250 V shunt generator operates on full load at 1500 rpm. The armature has 6 poles and is lap wound with 200 turns. Find the induced emf and the flux/pole at full load. Given that the armature and field resistances are 0.01 and 125 Ω respectively. Neglect armature reaction. (8 marks)
Solution
IL = (50 x 103)/250 = 200 A
Ish = V/Rsh = 250/125 = 2 A
Ia = IL + Ish = 202 A
Induced emf, Eg = V + IaRa
= 250 + 202 x 0.01 = 252.02 V
Z = 200 x 2 (As one turn = 2 conductors)
N = 1500 rpm
P = A = 6 (lap wound)
φ = Eg(60)A/PZN
= 252.02 x 60 x 6/(400 x 1500 x 6)
= 0.025205 Wb
= 25.205 mWbNumerical
A 250 V, 25 kW, 4-pole DC generator has 328 wave connected armature conductors. When the machine is delivering full load, the brushes are given a lead of 7.2 electrical degrees. Calculate the cross magnetizing amp-turns/pole. (7 marks)
Solution
Given data:
Terminal Voltage V = 250 V
Output Power Pout = 25 kW
No. of Poles P = 4
No. of conductors Z = 328
θe = 7.2°
Wave connected A = 2
Terminal Voltage V = 250 V
Output Power Pout = 25 kW
No. of Poles P = 4
No. of conductors Z = 328
θe = 7.2°
Wave connected A = 2
Cross-magnetising ampere-turns/pole. = ?
Load current supplied
Ia = (25 × 1000) / 250 = 100A
I = 100 / A = 100 / 2 = 50A (current/path)
Ia = (25 × 1000) / 250 = 100A
I = 100 / A = 100 / 2 = 50A (current/path)
= 
Numerical
A 220 V DC Shunt Motor runs at 500 rpm when the armature current is 50 A. Calculate the speed, if torque is doubled. Given the R = 0.2 ohm.(7 marks)
Solution
Performance eqn of DC shunt motors are
Eb = Vt - IaRa
or, Eb = Kaφω
and τ = KaφIa
Eb1 = 220 - 50 × 0.2 = 210 V
Eb = Vt - IaRa
or, Eb = Kaφω
and τ = KaφIa
Eb1 = 220 - 50 × 0.2 = 210 V
Since the torque is double i.e., the armature current is doubled
i.e., Ia2 = 2 × Ia1 = 2 × 50 = 100 A
∴ Eb2 = 220 - 100 × 0.2 = 200 V
i.e., Ia2 = 2 × Ia1 = 2 × 50 = 100 A
∴ Eb2 = 220 - 100 × 0.2 = 200 V
Eb2/Eb1 = N2/N1
⇒N2 = N1 x (Eb2/Eb1)
= 500 x (200/210)
= 476 rpm
Numerical
A single-phase transformer has 600 primary and 80 secondary turns. The mean length of the flux path in the ferromagnetic core is 1.6 m, the value of flux in the core for a magnetic field strength of 1.2 T is 425 AT/m, and the corresponding core loss is 1.5 W/kg at 50 Hz. The density of the core is 7400 kg/m3. If the maximum value of flux density is 1.2 T when the primary is connected to a 3300-V, 50-Hz supply, calculate (a) the cross-sectional area of the core, (b) the secondary voltage on no load, (c) the primary magnetizing current, and (d) the core loss. (8 marks)
Solution
(a) 3300=4.44 × 600 × 50 × Øm
Øm = 0.0248 Wb
Øm = 0.0248 Wb
Cross-sectional area of the core
= Øm/Bm = 0.0248/1.2
= 0.02067 m2
(b) Secondary voltage on load = 3300 × (80/600)= 440 V
(c) Primary magnetizing current = mmf/ primary turns
(c) Primary magnetizing current = mmf/ primary turns
= (H × l)/600
= (425 × 1.6 )/ 600
= 1.133 A
Assuming sinusoidal current, the RMS value of the magnetizing current is
= 1.133/√2= 0.80 A
(d) Volume of the core = 1.6 × 0.02067 = 0.03307 m3
Mass of the core= 0.03307 × 7400 = 244.73 kg
Therefore, the core loss = 244.73 × 1.5= 367 W
Mass of the core= 0.03307 × 7400 = 244.73 kg
Therefore, the core loss = 244.73 × 1.5= 367 W
Numerical
A 2400V/400V single-phase transformer takes a no-load current of 0.5 A and the core losses are 400 W. Determine the values of magnetising and core loss components of the no-load current. (7 marks)
Solution
V1 = 2400 V
V2 = 400 V
I0 = 0.5 A
Core loss (i.e. iron loss)
= 400 = V1I0cosφ0
Hence, 400 = 2400 x 0.5 x cosφ0
From this, cosφ0 = 0.3333
Hence, φ0 = 70.530
The no-load diagram is shown below.
Magnetising component
IM = I0sinφ0
= 0.5sin(70.530)
= 0.471 A
Core loss component
IC = I0cosφ0
= 0.5cos(70.530)
= 0.167 A
Numerical
A 440 V, 3-phase, 50 Hz, 4-pole, Y-connected induction motor has a full-load speed of 1425 r.p.m. The rotor has an impedance of (0 4 + j 4) ohm per phase and rotor/stator turn ratio is 0.8. Calculate (i) full-load torque (ii) rotor current and (Hi) full-load rotor Cu loss.
Solution
Ns = 120f/P = 120 x 50/4
1500 rpm = 25 rps
s = (Ns - N)/Ns
= (1500 - 1425)/1500
= 0.05
E1 = 440√3 = 254 V/phase
E2 = KE1 = 0.8 x 254 = 203.2 V
Full load torque
Putting values,
Tf = 78.87 N-m
Rotor current
Total copper loss
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